A distinguished meteorologist, Anna Mani was the former Deputy Director General of the Indian Meteorological Department and made significant contributions ...
[Mani](/topic/mani)grew up in the former state of Travancore (present-day Kerala). Her work on the spectroscopy of diamonds and rubies resulted in five research papers and a PhD dissertation. A distinguished meteorologist, Anna Mani was the former Deputy Director General of the Indian Meteorological Department and made significant contributions in the field of solar radiation, ozone and wind energy instrumentation.
The scientist played a vital role in making India self-reliant in the field of weather observation instruments.
Her interest in studying ozone -- the gas shielding life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation -- led to the creation of the ozonesonde, a balloon-borne instrument for measuring ozone levels. In 1945, she won a scholarship to study in England, learning about meteorology and the instruments necessary to measure changes in the weather. 23, 1918, in Peermade, a village in the Indian state of Kerala.
GOOGLE DOODLE TODAY: Google Doodle on Tuesday, August 23rd celebrates the 104th birth anniversary of Indian physicist and meteorologist Anna Mani, ...
The physicist and meteorologist is also known as the ‘weather woman of India’. She excelled so much in this male-dominated field that by 1953, she became head of the division. Under her leadership, more than 100 weather instrument designs were simplified and standardized for production. The renowned Malayali physicist KR Ramanathan, who was a researcher there, also encouraged Anna’s research activities. GOOGLE DOODLE TODAY: Google Doodle on Tuesday, August 23rd celebrates the 104th birth anniversary of Indian physicist and meteorologist Anna Mani, who made a significant contribution to the study of meteorology. Anna Mani was born on August 23, 1918 in Peerumet, Kerala.
आज के इस पोस्ट में हम अन्ना मणि के जीवन के बारें में जानेंगे, अन्ना मणि के जन्मदिवस पर ...
Anna Mani was one of India's first female scientists and was known for her work and research that made it possible for India to make accurate weather ...
In 1953, she became head of the division and under her leadership, more than 100 weather instrument designs were simplified and standardized for production. Born on this day in 1918, Anna Mani was known for her work and research that made it possible for India to make accurate weather forecasts. An avid reader all her life, Mani grew up in the former state of Travancore (present-day Kerala).
Google Doodle celebrated physicist and meteorologist Anna Mani's 104th birth anniversary with a special graphic. She was one of the country's first female ...
In 1987, she won the INSA KR Ramanathan Medal for her noteworthy contributions to science. After high school, she did her Intermediate Science course at Women’s Christian College (WCC) and went on to complete a Bachelor of Science with honours in physics and chemistry from Presidency College, Madras. She was an avid reader and by the age of 12, Mani had read almost every book at her public library!
Anna Mani, the meteorologist whose work helped kickstart weather forecasting in India, is honored in latest Google Doodle.
To celebrate her many contributions to science and particularly the study of weather in India, Google is honoring Anna Mani’s 104th birthday with a homepage Doodle. In 1945, Anna Mani moved to England to study at Imperial College, London. Throughout the decade, Mani’s interests expanded to include alternative energy, particularly wind and solar power generation. Mani’s new designs were used to help India create its own meteorological tools instead of importing from England. Despite publishing five papers and completing a full dissertation, Anna Mani was denied a Ph.D. Anna Mani was born in Peermade, Kerala, India, on August 23, 1918 — meaning today would have been her 104th birthday.
Google dedicated a special doodle to mark the 140th birth anniversary of Indian physicist and meteorologist Anna Mani who played a significant role in the ...
As history says, Anna Mani, who was born in a Syrian Christian family in Kerala in 1918, made many valuable contributions to the physics and meteorological field. Anna Mani, who is also known as the "Weather Woman of India" was the seventh of eight children in her family. Google dedicated a special doodle to mark the 140th birth anniversary of Indian physicist and meteorologist Anna Mani who played a significant role in the field of meteorological instrumentation.
Anna Mani Google Doodle: Her contributions to weather forecasting were immense, and her research it possible for India to make accurate weather forecasts.
Mani returned to India and began working at the IMD in 1948. [Top News](https://indianexpress.com/section/india/) [How did Mufti contest from UP, Azad from Maharashtra?](https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bjps-poser-for-pagd-leaders-how-did-mufti-contest-from-up-azad-from-maharashtra-8105857/) [House of the Dragon lacks fire, power of the original](https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/house-of-the-dragon-premiere-review-8104023/) [Latest News](/latest-news/) [Anna Mani: Google celebrates 104th birth anniversary of Indian physicist and meteorologist](https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/anna-mani-google-doodle-indian-physicist-meteorologist-8105978/) [Games should not be seen from political lens: Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot over Rural Olympics row](https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/jaipur/games-not-political-rajasthan-cm-ashok-gehlot-rural-olympics-row-8106010/) [Punjab: Couple beat MC employee for issuing challan, arrested after video goes viral](https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/punjab-couple-beat-mc-employee-challan-arrested-viral-video-8106011/) [Trump seeks to temporarily block FBI from reviewing items seized from Florida home](https://indianexpress.com/article/world/trump-fbi-sue-florida-home-material-case-8106003/) [Heading back from party, 4 friends killed after private bus rams into car](https://indianexpress.com/article/delhi/heading-back-from-party-4-friends-killed-after-private-bus-rams-into-car-8106001/) [Know Your City Mani passed away on August 16, 2001 in Thiruvananthapuram. After this, she headed to London’s Imperial College in 1945, where she would specialise in meteorological instrumentation. Her work paved the way for the nation to harness renewable energy. Here, she studied spectroscopy under Nobel Laureate Sir C V Raman, specialising in diamonds and rubies.
Anna Mani's 104th Birthday: भारतीय मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि के 104वें जन्मदिन पर सर्च इंजन गूगल ने ...
मौसम विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में योगदान के लिए अन्ना मणि को साल 1987 में INSA K. अन्ना मणि का जन्म 23 अगस्त, 1918 को भारत के केरल राज्य के पीरूमेडू में हुआ था. Google Doodle Celebrates Anna Mani's Birthday: सर्च इंडन गूगल ने आज, 23 अगस्त 2022 को भारतीय मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि के 104वें जन्मदिन पर खास डूडल बनाया है.
Google Doodle is celebrating the 104th birth anniversary of meteorologist and physicist Anna Mani, who contributed a lot to India's science sector.
She was one of the most inspiring scientists in India and is an inspiration to millions of women across the country. She became the Director General of the IMD and also held several key positions in the United Nations World Meteorological Organisation. Raman, where she specialized in the study of rubies and diamonds.
23 अगस्त को भारतीय भौतिक विज्ञानी और मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि की 104वीं जयंती मना रहा है, ...
शोध प्रबंध, और इंपीरियल कॉलेज, लंदन में स्नातक कार्यक्रम शुरू किया, जहां उन्होंने मौसम संबंधी उपकरण में विशेषज्ञता हासिल की। रामनाथन, जो वहां एक शोधकर्ता थे, ने भी अन्ना की शोध गतिविधियों को प्रोत्साहित किया। 1942 और 1945 के बीच, उन्होंने पांच पत्र प्रकाशित किए, अपनी पीएच.डी. रमन के तहत भारतीय विज्ञान संस्थान में शोध किया।
Anna Modayil Mani - born in 1918 - was a physicist and meteorologist from Kerala. | Latest News India.
Anna Modayil Mani - born in 1918 - was a physicist and meteorologist from Kerala. At the Thumba rocket launching facility, Anna set up a meteorological observatory and an instrumentation tower and she was also a member of the International Ozone Association. Inspiration was to a level that she later was only wearing khadi clothes.
Anna Modayil Mani - born in 1918 - was a physicist and meteorologist from Kerala. | Latest News India.
At the Thumba rocket launching facility, Anna set up a meteorological observatory and an instrumentation tower and she was also a member of the International Ozone Association. Her thoughts and the way she wanted to move forward in her career were greatly influenced by her book-reading routine. Anna Modayil Mani - born in 1918 - was a physicist and meteorologist from Kerala.
भारतीय मौसम का पूर्वानुमान संभव बनाने वाली मौसम विज्ञानी (Indian Meteorologist) अन्ना मणि (Anna ...
Google Doodle आज भौतिक विज्ञानी (physicist) और मौसम विज्ञानी (meteorologist) Anna Mani की 104वीं जयंती मना रहा ...
मणि बाद में भारत मौसम विज्ञान विभाग के उप महानिदेशक बनी, और संयुक्त राष्ट्र विश्व मौसम विज्ञान संगठन में कई प्रमुख पदों पर रहीं. उन्होंने 1948 में भारत लौटने पर भारत मौसम विज्ञान विभाग के लिए काम करना शुरू किया, जहां उन्होंने देश को अपने स्वयं के मौसम उपकरणों के डिजाइन और निर्माण में मदद की. Google Doodle Today: गूगल डूडल आज 23 अगस्त को भारतीय भौतिक विज्ञानी (physicist) और मौसम विज्ञानी (meteorologist) अन्ना मणि की 104वीं जयंती मना रहा है, जिन्होंने मौसम विज्ञान के अध्ययन में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया है.
Google marks Anna Mani's birthday by sharing a Google Doodle. Who was Anna Mani? What are her contributions to the country? Why is she famous?
[National](/category/current-affairs-news-national-1150106.htm) [Science](/topic/science) Academy (INSA), K.R Ramanathan Medal, for her contributions to the country and [science](/topic/science). As a result, she produced hundreds of meteorological equipment and contributed to the science of India. After studying in London, she had the option to stay and work there. She is one of the biggest names in Indian physics whose work enabled us to make accurate [ weather predictions.](https://www.business-standard.com/topic/weather-forecast) In 1950, she created a network of solar radiation monitoring stations and published many papers on sustainable energy measurement. In 1948, she returned to India to make weather instruments.
गूगल ने डूडल के जरिए मंगलवार को भारतीय मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि को याद किया.
अन्ना मणि वो महिला थीं जिनके कारण मौसम की भविष्यवाणी करना आसान हुआ. गूगल ने डूडल के जरिए मंगलवार को भारतीय मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि को याद किया. Anna Mani: कहानी उस महिला की जिसने मौसम की भविष्यवाणी करना आसान बनाया
Google, known for celebrating eminent personalities from different fields of excellence, honoured Indian physicist Anna Mani on August 23.
Even before the world discovered the functions of the Ozone layer, Mani began working on atmospheric Ozone in 1960. Her expertise on spectroscopy of diamonds and rubies led her to write five research papers and a dissertation on them. She returned to India and joined the [Indian Meteorology Department](/topic/indian-meteorology-department)(IMD). Regardless of her detailed work, she was denied a PhD as she did not have a master’s degree. Google observed the occasion with a vibrant illustration of Mani on its homepage. Mani was known to be a voracious reader right from her childhood. As a youth, Mani was inspired by Gandhi’s Vaikom Satyagraha which prompted her to wear garments only made of Khadi. [Mani](/topic/mani)on August 23. Her work as a physicist and meteorologist paved the way for accurate weather predictions in India. She consumed vast volumes of She was the seventh child among her eight siblings. Check out her artwork](/magazines/panache/buzz/meet-doodle-for-google-2022-contest-winner-sophie-araque-liu-check-out-her-artwork/articleshow/93591738.cms) [Balamani Amma's 113th birth anniversary: Google honours Malayalam literary giant with special doodle](/magazines/panache/google-celebrates-the-life-of-malayalam-literary-giant-balamani-amma-with-a-special-doodle/articleshow/92970020.cms)
भौतिक और मौसम वैज्ञानिक थीं, इसके अलावा वह भारत के मौसम विभाग की · उप-निदेशक भी रह चुकी है, ...
1948 में अन्ना मणि जब वापस भारत लौटी तो उन्होंने पूर्ण स्थित मौसम विभाग में नौकरी करना प्रारंभ कर दिया, जहां से उन्होंने मौसम विज्ञान उपकरणों कें विषय में कई शोध पत्र भी लिखे। 1969 में उप महानिदेशक के पद पर उनका तबादला दिल्ली में हुआ, इसके बाद वह कुछ समय के लिए वह मिस्त्र में WMO सलाहकार के रूप में भी कार्य किया। इसके बाद वह आगे चलकर 1976 में भारतीय मौसम विभाग की उप-निदेशक पद से सेवानिवृत हुई। अन्ना मणि ने 1940 में भारतीय विज्ञान संस्थान, बैंगलोर में शोध के लिए छात्रवृत्ति भी ली, इसके बाद वह 1945 में भौतिकी में स्नातक की पढ़ाई के लिए इंपीरियल काॅलेज, लंदन भी गई, जहां से उन्होंने मौसम संबंधी उपकरणों की विशेषज्ञता हासिल कर ली। Anna Mani Google Doodle Today कौन हैं अन्ना मणि?
भारत न्यूज़: Anna Mani Google Doodle: गूगल ने भारत की मशहूर मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि को डूडल बनाकर ...
Google is celebrating the 104th birth anniversary of Anna Mani, also known as “Weather Women of India”, with a Google Doodle Tribute.
Anna Mani is popularly known as the Weather Woman of India because of her notable contributions to weather forecasting. She also published some research papers on renewable energy. She also published five research papers within that time, completed her PhD dissertation and enrolled for a program at Imperial College, London specialising in meteorological instrumentation. On her return to India, she joined the India Meteorological Department in 1948 and helped in setting up and manufacturing of weather instruments. Her research paved the way for accurate weather forecasting in India and laid the foundation for the nation to harness the power of renewable energy. Anna Mani: Google is celebrating the 104th Birth Anniversary of the Indian physicist and meteorologist Anna Mani with a Google Doodle Tribute.
Anna Mani Google Doodle: 'भारत की मौसम महिला' के नाम से प्रसिद्ध अन्ना मणि ने मौसम के पूर्वानुमान ...
- पचईयाप्पस कॉलेज से ग्रेजुएशन के बाद उन्होंने प्रोफेसर सीवी रमन के गाइ़डेंस में काम किया और रूबी व हीरे के ऑप्टिकल प्रॉपर्टी पर शोध किया. अन्ना मणि अपने परिवार के आठ बच्चों में सातवीं थी और उनकी पढ़ने में बहुत रुचि थी. - अन्ना मणि का जन्म वर्ष 1918 में केरल की एक सीरियन क्रिश्चियन फैमिली में हुआ था. उन्होंने यूनाइटेड नेशंस के वर्ल्ड मौसम विज्ञान संगठन में भी प्रमुख पदों पर रहकर कार्य किया था. उनकी वजह से मौसम की सटीक पूर्वानुमान लगाया संभव हो सका और उन्होंने रिन्यूएबल एनर्जी के इस्तेमाल के लिए मजबूत जमीन तैयार की. गूगल के होम पेज (google.com) पर अन्ना मणि और मौसम से जुड़े विभिन्न परिस्थितियों को दिखाया गया है.
On the 140th birthday of Indian scientist and meteorologist Anna Mani, Google dedicated this special day with a unique doodle.
She created standards for the fabrication of almost 100 meteorological instruments in India. She worked in Egypt as a WMO consultant in 1975. In 1969, Mani was appointed Deputy Director General and relocated to Delhi. She earned a BSc in physics and chemistry honours from Pachaiyappas College in Chennai (formerly Madras) in 1939. She was an avid reader and the seventh of her family's eight children. She turned down her family's traditional diamond earring gift for her eighth birthday and requested a set of Encyclopaedia Britannica instead. Her work paved the way for India to utilise renewable energy and enabled the nation to produce precise weather forecasts. She made numerous significant contributions to the fields of physics and meteorology. But Anna Mani was different. Her father was an atheist and a civil engineer. When Anna Mani returned from London in 1948, she joined the India Meteorological Department in Pune and was in charge of setting up the meteorological equipment. Her life was influenced and fashioned by the book world, which introduced her to new concepts and instilled in her a strong sense of social justice.
Google Doodle Today: गूगल ने 23 अगस्त को प्लेटफॉर्म पर डूडल बनाकर अन्ना मणि (Anna Mani) को उनके 104वें ...
साल 1969 में अन्ना मणि ने भारतीय मौसम विभाग में उप महानिदेशक के पद पर ज्वाइन किया. अन्ना मणि 1948 में भारत वापस आयी और मौसम विभाग में नौकरी शुरू की. उन्होंने देश में मौसम पूर्वानुमान लगाने वाली उपकरणों को डिजाइन किया था.
ஹைலைட்ஸ்: இன்று இருக்க கூடிய வானிலை உபகரணங்களுக்கு காரணம் இவர்தானா? உலகம் தெரிந்து ...
இந்தியாவிற்காக நூற்றுக்கும் மேற்பட்ட வானிலை சார்ந்த உபகரணங்களை உருவாக்கி கொடுத்திருக்கிறார் அன்னா. - தேசிய அறிவியல் அகாடமி விருது. இன்று நாம் பயன்படுத்தும் வானிலை முன்னறிவிப்பு உபகரணங்களிற்கெல்லாம் முன்னோடி இவர்தான். - கே.ஆர்.ராமநாதன் விருது. கேரளாவில் தன் பள்ளி படிப்பை முடித்த அன்னா சென்னையில் உள்ள ப்ரெசிடென்சி கல்லூரியில் தான் இயற்பியல் மற்றும் வேதியல் பட்டப்படிப்பை முடித்துள்ளார். பிறகு லண்டன் இம்பீரியல் கல்லூரியில் இயற்பியல் படிக்கச் சென்று விட்டார்.
Anna Mani was an Indian physicist and meteorologist, who retired as the Deputy Director General of the Indian Meteorological Department.
She made significant contributions to meteorological instrumentation, conducted research, and published papers on solar radiation, atmospheric ozone and wind energy measurements. In 1945, she went to the Imperial College, London, and later to the British Meteorological Office, studying the evolution of weather instruments. She passed away in 2001. and later joined the India Meteorological Department (IMD). She visited several field observatories and manufacturers of meteorological instruments in England and Scotland. (Hon.) in 1939 from the Madras Presidency College.
Google Doodle सर्च इंजन गूगल ने भारत की प्रसिद्ध भौतिक विज्ञानी और मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि ...
Google ने अपने होम पेज पर अन्ना मणि के Colourful और Whimsical Illustration के माध्यम से अन्ना मणि को सम्मान दिया है। 'भारत की मौसम महिला' (Weather Woman of India) के नाम से प्रसिद्ध अन्ना मणि का मौसम पूर्वानुमान के क्षेत्र में योगदान काफी ज्यादा है। नयी दिल्ली, एजेंसी। सर्च इंजन गूगल (Google) ने भारत की प्रसिद्ध भौतिक विज्ञानी और मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि की 104वीं जयंती के अवसर पर एक खास डूडल (Doodle) बनाया है। गूगल ने इस डूडल के जरिए उन्हें भावभीनी श्रद्धांजलि दी है। Google Doodle सर्च इंजन गूगल ने भारत की प्रसिद्ध भौतिक विज्ञानी और मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि की 104वीं जयंती के अवसर पर एक खास डूडल बनाकर उन्हें सम्मान दिया है। अन्ना मणि का मौसम पूर्वानुमान के क्षेत्र में योगदान काफी ज्यादा है।
Google Doodle: गूगल ने मौसम विज्ञानी अन्ना मणि की 140 वीं जयंती को प्रदर्शित करने के लिए डूडल ...
मौसम विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में अपने उत्कृष्ट योगदान के लिए अन्ना को 1987 में INSA के. रामनाथन मेडल से सम्मानित किया गया। 2001 में देश ने भारत की मौसम महिला को खो दिया। [Google Doodle](https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/topics/google-doodle)) बनाया है। अन्ना मणि ने मौसम संबंधी उपकरण के क्षेत्र में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई थी। मणि ने मौसम का अवलोकन करने वाले उपकरणों के डिजाइन में योगदान दिया था जो देश के मौसम के पहलुओं को मापने और उनका अनुमान लगाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। आइए जानते हैं कौन हैं अन्ना मणि और भारत के मौसम विभाग में उनका क्या योगदान था।
Anna Mani, who is also known as the "Weather Woman of India" won the INSA K. R. Ramanathan Medal in 1987 for her contributions to science.
She also served as former deputy director general of the Indian Meteorological Department. Anna Mani, born in a Syrian Christian family in Kerala in 1918, made many valuable contributions to the physics and meteorological field. Mani also held important positions in the United Nations World Meteorological Organisation.
Anna was also the Deputy Director General of the India Meteorological Department and held several key positions in the United Nations World Meteorological ...
Anna Mani, the Indian physicist and meteorologist has been featured on Google's Doodle to celebrate her 104th birth anniversary. But, who is she and what ...
One of the Chairs was in honour of the Pioneer Indian Meterologist, Dr. The Government of India, in 2020, announced 11 chairs in the name of eminent Indian women scientists in various fields to inspire, encourage, empower women and give due recognition to young women researchers excelling in various fields. In 1987, Mani won the INSA K Ramanathan Medal for her significant contributions to the field of science. Post her retirement, she was appointed as the Trustee of the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore. Popularly known as the ‘Weather Woman of India’ her work and research made it possible for India to make accurate weather forecasts and laid the groundwork for the nations to harness renewable energy. Throughout the 1950s, she established a network of solar radiation monitoring stations and published several papers on sustainable energy measurement.
Indian scientist and entrepreneur Anna Mani would have been 104 on August 23. In her honour, Google has changed its doodle in the United States and India to ...
She also held positions in the United Nations World Meteorological Organization, and in 1987, she received the INSA K. Mani retired as the deputy director-general of the Indian Meteorological Department in 1976. The scientists standardised the drawings for nearly 100 different weather instruments and started their production. However, she was awarded a government scholarship for an internship in England. During that time, she studied instruments, their calibration and standardisation. Mani was particularly interested in solar energy and set up a network of stations in India to measure solar radiation. This was not a simple task; she worked with 121 men under her, and she assembled a group of Indian scientists and engineers to carry on the task. During her time at the department, she helped the country manufacture its weather instruments, and in 1953, she became the head of the division. During her education, she was drawn to socialist ideas, and at the age of 22, she earned a scholarship at the Indian Institute of Science. - In 1945, when she was 27, she went to the Imperial College London and specialised in meteorological instrumentation. She worked on the spectroscopy of diamonds and rubies; her work led to five research papers and a PhD dissertation. She was the seventh of eight children and a keen reader.
Anna Mani was an Indian Physicist and Scientist. Anna Mani did research, wrote multiple publications, and made advances to the field of meteorological ...
- As the Deputy Director General, Anna Mani was sent to Delhi in 1969. - Anna Mani was a member of numerous scientific associations, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Indian National Science Academy, the American Meteorological Society, the International Solar Energy Society, and the International Association for Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. Mani was awarded the INSA K. - Anna Modayil Mani, a.k.a. Anna Mani did research, wrote multiple publications, and made advances to the field of meteorological instrumentation by measuring solar radiation, ozone, and wind energy. - Anna Mani was awarded a research fellowship to the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore in 1940.
Dr Anna Modayil Mani is referred to as “The Weather Woman of India.” She led the efforts, primarily through instrumentation, to study solar and wind energy, and ...
A lecture series instituted by the Working Group for Gender Equity (WGGE, part of the Astronomical Society of India) bears Anna Mani’s name. As you are no doubt aware, Swarajya is a media product that is directly dependent on support from its readers in the form of subscriptions. Her work was accomplished at the Bangalore (now Bengaluru) field research unit of the IITM, Pune. She additionally worked as a scientist at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune. She, in fact, even carried out measurements on behalf of the Departments of Science and Technology, and of Non-conventional Energy Sources. The refusal in 1945 was on account of Mani not having had a Master’s degree. We deliver over 10 - 15 high quality articles with expert insights and views. “Miss Mani has always stood up for her native country. Her father was an engineer in charge of roads and bridges with the Travancore Public Works Department. “I believe that wrong measurements are worse than no measurements at all. After high school, she studied (WCC). It led to the publication of two comprehensive volumes on solar radiation over India — Handbook of Solar Radiation Data for India (1980) and Solar Radiation Over India (1981).